EV Connector Selection for Public and Private Sites 2025
Sep 18, 2025
Choosing a plug isn’t a style choice. It’s about who parks here, how long they stay, and how fast you need them rolling again. Public sites chase uptime and clarity for mixed cars; private sites want low touch and predictable bills. In North America you’ll juggle J3400/NACS and CCS1 for a bit; in Europe, Type 2 and CCS2 keep things straightforward. Start with region and power—they’ll narrow the field—then make the final call on human factors: reach, grip, labels, and parts you can swap in minutes.
North America: fast matrix for 2025
Site type
Primary connector(s)
Typical power
Why this choice
Single-family home
AC: J1772 (existing stock) or J3400/NACS
7.2–11 kW AC
Match the car you own; pick a wallbox with a swappable lead if your next car changes inlet.
Multifamily garage
AC: J1772 or J3400/NACS; DC bays with CCS1 or J3400/NACS
7.2–22 kW AC; 50–150 kW DC
Load sharing and clear bay labels cut tickets; one or two DC bays cover edge cases.
Workplace or depot
AC for dwell: J1772 or J3400/NACS; DC for duty cycles: CCS1 or J3400/NACS
11–22 kW AC; 50–350 kW DC
Standardize on the fleet inlet; adapters for visitors only.
Public destination
AC: J3400/NACS plus J1772 during transition; DC: CCS1 plus J3400/NACS
11–22 kW AC; 100–250 kW DC
Mixed traffic. Offer both and make filtering by connector obvious in the app.
Highway or hubs
DC: CCS1 plus J3400/NACS
150–350 kW+ DC
Throughput first. Plan heavy-lead handling and accessible reach envelopes.
EU/UK: clear defaults
Site type
Primary connector(s)
Typical power
Why this choice
Single-family home
AC: Type 2
7.4–11 kW AC
Type 2 covers passenger EVs; keep cable length practical for driveway angles.
Multifamily garage
AC: Type 2; limited DC with CCS2
11–22 kW AC; 50–150 kW DC
Access control and billing matter more than plug variety.
Workplace or depot
AC: Type 2; DC: CCS2
11–22 kW AC; 100–300 kW DC
Standardize on the fleet inlet; minimize adapters.
Public destination
AC: Type 2; DC: CCS2
11–22 kW AC; 100–250 kW DC
Bay markings and wayfinding reduce misplugs and queuing time.
Highway or hubs
DC: CCS2
150–350 kW+ DC
Serviceability and cold-weather grip matter with heavy cables.
Note: Legacy CHAdeMO may exist in pockets; plan a separate, limited-use position only if you have a known base. In China and parts of APAC, plan for GB/T families on AC and DC.
North America during the transition
New public sites: fit both families per DC bay (CCS1 and J3400/NACS) or choose a modular front-end that swaps without replacing the full cable set.
Upgrades: add J3400/NACS while keeping CCS1 for existing traffic; refresh labels in the app and on the pedestal one-to-one.
Private: match your vehicles; if the next vehicle changes inlet, use a unit with a swappable lead or a clean adapter plan.
Four levers that reduce tickets at public sites
Signage and wayfinding: connector family name at eye level; simple diagram at the holster.
Cable reach and recoil: verify reach nose-in and back-in; swing-arm or recoil lowers trip risk and afternoon shell temps.
Night readability: backlit labels and handle-top status LEDs raise first-plug success.
Serviceability: specify accessible temperature points, replaceable seals, and a torque card in the kit. A handle swap should target 15 minutes.
Two quick scenarios
Retail car park, North America, four DC bays: two bays with CCS1 + J3400/NACS, two bays with modular fronts that let you rebalance later. App filtering by connector. Result: less curbside confusion, easier mix shifts.
Multifamily garage, EU, eighty spaces: Type 2 AC with cluster load sharing; one shared CCS2 DC position for quick turns. Result: overnight miles added predictably, grid upgrades deferred.
On-site reach check: six lines to walk
Test nose-in and back-in with at least two popular models per port location.
Confirm reach to front-left and rear-right inlets without dragging the lead.
Verify swing-arm or recoil covers extreme positions.
Read labels at night from arm’s length; no icon-only codes.
Try a winter-glove grip; no pinch or awkward wrist angles.
Keep wheelchair paths clear; no cable crossing in the common standing zone.
From plan to spec in six steps
List who parks here and when: residents, fleet, visitors, mixed public.
Map region and inlet families you must serve.
Choose power by dwell: AC for overnight or workday; DC for quick turns and highways.
Decide the connector set: single family for private; dual-family or modular for public NA.
Engineer the human factors: reach height, approach angle, glove grip, night readability.
Lock the service model: parts you can swap fast, field-readable sensors, and a documented torque path.
Where hardware and operations meetPublic bays need quick reads and fast swaps. Favor parts that make service obvious in the field: accessible sensors, replaceable seals, and clear torque steps. For example, the Workersbee CCS2 liquid-cooled DC connector pairs stable high current with field-visible sensing and a low-noise handle, which helps during long sessions on heavy leads.
One portfolio across standardsStandard coverage keeps the look and service logic consistent while you tune for region and power. A lineup that spans J3400/NACS, CCS1, CCS2, Type 1, Type 2, and GB/T lets you equip a North American hub with J3400/NACS plus CCS1, run Type 2 and CCS2 in Europe, and keep private parking simple with the AC plug that matches the cars on site. The Workersbee NACS DC connector and related AC plugs follow the same service logic, so spares and training stay consistent as your mix evolves.
LEES VERDER